Origins of Lake Toba

North Sumatra - In 1930, Reinout Willem van Bemmelen, a leading Dutch East Indies geologist, transfixed watching the rocks in a hill not far from Toba Lake. He uses a small hoe to dig and determine the thickness of rocks in multiple locations.
Van Bemmelen down the area around Toba Lake, or to an area farther than he researched previously, to determine the thickness of the rocks. All that he did for years with the guidance of scientific instincts.
Overlies rocks is ignimbrit, a mixture of hardened volcanic ash (tuff) and pumice grains are rich in silicate - acidic rocks. Ignimbrit volcanic eruptions occur when a large-scale plunked massive hot clouds.
Van Bemmelenn find ignimbrit around Lake Toba so thick, but thinner at an area away from the lake. He also found abundant tuff during the study between 1930-1939.
The findings led Van Bemmelen to the development of super volcano theory. According to him, Toba Lake, the basin area of ​​2,270 square kilometers with a length of 100 kilometers and a width of 30 kilometers, is the volcanic lake.
In Geology of Indonesia, Van Bemmelen said that Toba Lake was formed after the eruption of a super volcano. He also popularized the term Tumor Batak, or a very large dune that separates the lake Toba with Bukit Barisan Mountains.
Tumor Batak is a volcano that sustains Toba Lake. Van Bemmelen also mentioned Tumor Batak as Mount Toba, which stands on a large fault system Sumatra.
Research in the following years supervolcano clarify the theory right on Toba Lake current position. Van Bemmelen and Stauffer also found rhyolite in Malaysia. William and Royce reported rhyolite in India are as old as the discovery of the Van Bemmelen and Ninkovich.
Findings rhyolite in locations far from Toba Lake led experts to estimate the strength of the eruption 74 thousand years ago. The results were surprising, Toba Lake was formed from volcanic eruptions giant, with a very large magma chamber beneath Toba Lake.
Other geologists estimate super volcano that created Toba Lake powered 300 times larger than the eruption of Mount Tambora in 1815, and was recorded as the largest eruption in the history of the earth.
Source: Koran Tempo, Monday September 26th 2016, page 7th

Lake Toba in Map. Source: Asianreisender

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Prime Debate of President Candidate of United States

Columbus - Approximately 3-10 percent of voters in a poll of undecided ahead of the US presidential election on the 8th November. Undecided voters is very important both for Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Moreover, they are now closed to within a very close distance in the final poll.
Debate premiere will be held at the University Hosfstra in New York is also an important moment for voters. Many voters wanted to see how Trump and Hillary interact in the debate, indicating their style on the international stage.
Preparation for the debate had become the concern of every camp. Besides voters still undecided, both candidates have to convince 100 million people are predicted to tune in their debate.
Either Clinton or Trump, according to the Los Angeles Times, was a candidate for President of the least favored citizens. This initial debate then becomes a great opportunity to convince them. Hillary, for example, had to explain a lot of things with regard to the points "trustworthy" in this debate. The Trump must convince voters about the problem of instability.
Source: Koran Tempo, Monday September 26th 2016, page 25

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United Nations Security Council Held an Emergency Session to Discuss the Latest Situation in Syria

New York--United States, Britain and France urged the United Nations Security Council held an emergency session to discuss the latest situation in Syria, especially the increased intensity of the attacks in Aleppo City. At least 200 civilians were killed in a barrage of attacks during the week.
Aljazeera news agency said that air strikes launched by the Syria government and Russia continued to bombard Aleppo City with various types of rockets and hit various districts.
"Russian aircraft dropped cluster bombs in a market in the district of Al-Skahor, which killed a family and destroyed a bakery and housing," writes Aljazeera, Sunday, September 25th, 2016.
Civil defense team said at least 15 people were killed and dozens more injured. They are still searching for victims under the rubble, while the field hospital full of wounded civilians. According to Aljazeera, hospitals are not equipped to treat the injured.
"We don't have enough doctors to treat the number of victims," ​​said Ibrahim al-Hajj, White volunteers in Aleppo. More than 200 of the injured admitted to the hospital of Field. Photos and video released by activists showed the victims blood and placed on the floor due to shortage of beds.
According to the UN, nearly 2 million civilians have lost access to clean water after hitted by the central government and the rebels water pump shut down other water sources as a reply. "Aleppo is dying. Access to water is disconnected and the bombing continues. It's inhuman," said Justin Forsyth from UNICEF.
Source: Koran Tempo, Monday September 26th 2016, page 26th.

A child see the ruins of buildings in Aleppo City. Source: www.aljazeera.com

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A Man in a District of India Attacked by a Python

New Delhi--A man in a district of India attacked by a python. Precisely when he and his friends wanted to take pictures with the python.
The incident occurred when a python found in Sironi Hotel, District of Abu Mount, Rajasthan state, northwest India. Forestry Department officers were overwhelmed when capture the snake, so that eventually the snake charmer deployed. It take about 3 hours to capture 3.5-meter long python.
The news is catching snakes invite many people who want to watch. No exception unnamed man and his colleagues. Not only watch, they want to take pictures with the rare snake.
However, because it was too cool to look towards the camera, the man didn't realize he was too close to the snake's head. "Fortunately, the young man suffered only minor injuries in the neck and shoulders," as reported by India Today, Sunday, September 25 last. The python was taken to the offices of the Department of Forestry

Source: Koran Tempo, Monday September 26th 2016, paage 26th

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1954. The Japanese, Tooya Maru, Sank after Buffeted by Typhoons Marie in Tsugaru Strait

1954. The Japanese Ferry, Tooya Maru, sank buffeted by typhoons Marie in Tsugaru Strait, between the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido, Japan. It is estimated 1.150-1172 passengers were killed. The toll from Typhoon Marie on land and at sea reached over 3000 people.
Source: Koran Tempo, Monday September 26th, 2016, page 26th

1954. The Japanese, Tooya Maru, Sank after Buffeted by Typhoons Marie in Tsugaru Strait.
Source: world.time.com

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After Scored Two Goals for Atletico Madrid, Griezmann Have a Barbeque Party with His Girlfriend

Madrid--After scoring two goals while playing against Sporting Gijon, a day later, Antonie Griezmann, 25 years, with his girlfriend, Erika Choperena, spent their afternoon by held a barbeque party.
Goals scored Griezmann is worth celebrating, because at the beginning of this season, Atletico Madrid, Griezmann's club, start this season with a poor. In the first two games, the direction of Diego Simeone's squad drew. In the match last Saturday, September 17th, 2016, he came back brilliantly. Two of his goal to make his team climbed to sixth.
Intimacy both were then displayed on instagram account Griezmann. Choperena, a blogger who has been dating for 5 years, was suitable for his partner of barbeque party.

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Study of Harvard Researchers Uncover 100,300 Deaths Due to Forest Fires in Indonesia in 2015

Jakarta--The latest study was conducted 12 researchers from Harvard University and Columbia stated that forest fires throughout September-October 2015 in Indonesia has caused the death of 100,300 deaths. Victims not only from Indonesia, but also from Singarpura and Malaysia.
The study was published in the journal Environmental Research Letters under the title "Public health impact of severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September-October 2015: demonstration of the new framework for informing fire management strategies to reduce downwind smoke exposure". This study uses observation spread of smoke were seen by satellite. The 12 scientists in the field of public health and the atmosphere modeling examines the number of adult deaths due to inhalation of solid particles with a size of 2.5 origin of particulate matter (PM).
Director of the Legal Environmental NGO Campaigns Mighty, Etelle Higonnet, said the PM 2.5 size is so small that it can not be seen by naked eye. "It could penetrate the masks commonly used and can enter the human bloodstream when inhaled," he said Monday, September 19th, 2016. The particles are inhaled it can aggravate health conditions, especially those who already have a certain disease.
Greenpeace Indonesia forest campaigner, Yuyun Indradi, said she was surprised to read the results of the report. According to her, the estimated death that study so far above the official statement of the Indonesian government last year, 19 people died because of the smoke.
Yuyun hope the Indonesian government and related indsutry take concrete action to stop the clearing of forests and draining of peatlands for plantations. Therefore, the two things that are a major cause of fires resulting smoke exposure.
Source: Koran Kompas, Tuesday September 20th 2016, page 10th

Illustration. Source: http://www.depkes.go.id/

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University of Bristol Researchers Finding that Camouflage has Existed Since the Dinosaur Age

Bristol--The research released on Saturday, September 16th, 2016 revealed that the ability of camouflage has discouraged since dinosaurs era. The researchers reconstruct the color pattern on Psittacosaurus fossils, dinosaur from China are preserved.

The results were surprising, this dinosaur had a light color on top of its and the dark at the bottom. "The pattern of the color known as counter-shading, which is common in animals camouflage today," said Jakob Vinther of the University of Bristol.

With body color pattern, Psittacosaurus preferred to live in the woods with light blend. This facilitates their forest environment camouflage to hide from predators. Psittacosaurus often also referred as a parrot lizard because of its beak resembles a parrot. Her immediate family is three horned dinosaur, Triceratops.

The team worked with Bob Nicholls, a model makers three-dimensional artist Psittacosaurus. "There are thousands of scales in various shapes and sizes. Only partially pigmented," says Nicholls. He says it needs prudence to create a model Psittacosaurus.

The research team also made a three-dimensional model of gray. They examined how these dinosaurs drop shadow. Model gray photographed under trees and in open fields. This data can be compared with the best in the forest camouflage pattern. This pattern can be determined by looking at the type of lighting that is best able to hide dinosaurs.

Source: Koran Tempo, Tuesday September 20th 2016, page 13th

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US President Barack Obama Agreed Military Aid to Israel and Dozens of Other Countries

Washington DC--September 18th 2016, US President Barack Obama agreed military aid to Israel. Until 2028, Washington will disburse USD 38 billion to Tel Aviv. This jumbo fund exceeds the annual defense budget of Israel, as well as USD 8 billion more than the previous 10-year aid package.
"We believe this deal will give contribution Israel who are in a dangerous environment," Obama said after signing a memorandum of understanding with Netanyahu in Washington DC. The US endorsement to the Zionist state was recorded as the largest aid package in the history of Uncle Sam's Country.
Washington not only spread money to Israel, its main ally in the Middle East. Dozens of countries across the continent were also sampled US military aid. Egypt, for example, received USD 1.3 billion, the largest among African countries. Then there is Iraq and Pakistan, each of which received aid worth USD 300 million.
Under the new agreement, Israel obliged to reduce military spending, including fuel, of their domestic industries. Israel will have to use all the funds for the purchase of US military products. "The US also agreed to separate funding of USD 5 billion for Israel's missile defense program," so the contents of the memorandum of understanding.
Israel is not the only country that receive US military aid. In addition to the Zionist state, there are a number of Muslim-majority countries that receive the aid, such as Egypt, Jordan, Pakistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Tunisia and Yemen . But Israel was recorded as the biggest military aid recipients compared to dozens of other countries.
Source: Koran Tempo, Tuesday September 20th 2016, page 25th

Aid to Israel is still given the US , even increased , despite Netanyahu and Obama later clashed.
Source: www.cnnindonesia.com

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Leaked. Ex-Unted States Minister of Foreign Affair, Colin Powell's E-Mail Revealing Israel's Nuclear Weapons Information

Washington, DC--Has not appeared in public, the name of Colin Powell back sticking through his electronic mail leaked. United States Minister of Foreign Affairs in the era of President George W. Bush revealed information about Israeli nuclear weapons.

"Iran can not use any their (nuclear weapons). And Iran knows Israel has 200 (nuclear warheads) leading to Teheran, and we (the US) have thousands," so the contents of the leaked e-mail Powell, as quoted by The Independent , Sunday, September 18th, 2016.

Infrormasi was revealed in a Powell's e-mail to colleagues and business megadonor of Democratic Party, Jeffrey Leeds. DCLeaks hacker group broke into the e-mail sent last year it and load it in the foreign policy blog, LobeLog, Wednesday, September 14th, 2016.

In his email, Powell highlighted the speech of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu before the US Congress in March 2015. At that time, Netanyahu criticized the decision of US President Barack Obama removing sanctions on Iran's nuclear program. Behind the White House denounced Netanyahu, who is considered to interfere with US policy.
Source: Koran Tempo, Tuesday September 20th 2016, page 25th

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Election Fraud Allegedly Occurred in Russia

Moscow--A number of suspected cheating occurred in Parliamentary Elections of Russia, Sunday, September 18, 2016 last. Quoted by the Associated Press, Russian election watchdog, Golos, receives about 2000 reports of alleged fraud in the parliamentary elections in the whole country of Russia.
Cheating was among other things, not registered names of voters and voters not voting on the booth, but on the tables contained in the polls. In Siberia Altai, a legislative candidate from the Yabloko Party says the young people in that area vote on behalf of older people who can't come to the polls.
Grigory Melkonyants from Golos said most statements showing it came from a group of voters in Moscow. According Melkonyants, some analysts consider the contents of these reports could not be categorized as an offense. The reason could be that an attempt by local officials to improve the voters in their area. "Then, if the bus passengers could be forced to pick and break the law?" Melkonyants said.
Source: Koran Tempo, Tuesday 20th September 2016, Page 26th

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The United Nations on Monday Held the First Summit Conference to Discuss the Refugee Crisis

New York--The United Nations on Monday 19 September 2016 held the first high-level conference to discuss the refugee crisis. Across the world there are 65 million people displaced from their homes. This number is the highest since World War II. They wasted as a result of conflict, natural disaster or extreme poverty.
Secretary General of the UN, Ban Ki-moon hopes this summit conference could address the root causes of displacement and to agree on a global framework to take responsibility for the immigrants and refugees. "Had to multiply countries that resettle people who were forced to leave their country. And the people everywhere should throw the hatred faced by many refugees, migrants and minorities," Ban said, referring to xenophobia or hatred of foreigners who are now beginning increases in Europe and the United States.
Source: Koran Tempo, Tuesday 20th September 2016, page 26th

United Nations secretary-general Ban Ki-moon, right, shakes hands with William Lacy Swing, director general of the International Organisation for Migration. Source: www.hindustantimes.com

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1962. James Meredith, an African-American Citizen Temporarily Prohibited from Applying to University of Mississippi

1962. James Meredith, an African-American citizen, temporarily prohibited from applying to University of Mississippi, the colleges only accept white skinned people. Although contrary to the court's decision, the Governor of Mississippi, Ross Bannet, insisting that the colored people can't sign up to the University of Mississippi.

Source: Koran Tempo, Tuesday, 20th September 2016, Page 26th

Source: atlantablackstar.com

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Police Held Hostage in the Doghouse in China

Caotan--Not easy to break up a fight. Failed, even have contact with the disaster. This is experienced by two police officers in the province Shaanxi, China. They were forced to shelter in place a dog hostage by two former employees are upset because their boss did not provide proper severance.
Both former employees who was not named, was sacked without severance. They came to the shelter dogs and call the polices. However, their anger even worsen after being given advice. They assume the clerk didn't give a solution.
"They accused the owner of the shelter dogs to withhold their salaries, then call the police last Thursday," the explained in a news site Chinese Business View, yesterday.
The clerk suggested that the two former employees to report the dispute to the local employment authorities. But they didn't and lock the gates. They took hostage two officers and insist the problem is resolved.
Both police were released after the polices for help arrive. Both former employees were taken to the police station. Police mediate the dispute and both former empolyees receive severance around 4000 Yuan.
Source: Koran Tempo, Tuesday, 20th September 2016, Page 26th

Illustration by Kendawang.com

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